Idayimane lemvelo kwake kwaba ukuphishekela “intandokazi” yabantu abaningi, futhi inani elibizayo libuye lenze abantu abaningi babaleke. Kodwa kule minyaka emibili edlule, intengo yamadayimane emvelo iyaqhubeka nokuncipha. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2022 kuze kube manje, ukwehla okukhulayo kwentengo yamadayimane amabi kutshalwe kuze kufike ku-85%. Ngasohlangothini lokuthengisa, amadayimane alinyiwe angu-1-carat ehle ngaphezu kuka-80% ngokuqongelelayo uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo ephezulu.
Umphakeli omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wamadayimane emvelo - i-De Beers ngoDisemba 3, EST izothengiswa emakethe yesibili amanani edayimane amanga ehle ngo-10% ukuya ku-15%.
Abanye abahlaziyi baveze ukuthi uDe Beers uvamise ukubheka ukwehliswa kwamanani amakhulu “njengendlela yokugcina” yokubhekana nokushintsha kwezimakethe. Ukwehliswa kwamanani amaningi enkampani kubonise ukuphuthuma kwayo lapho ibhekene nezinkinga zemakethe. Lokhu kukhombisa futhi ukuthi, njengesikhondlakhondla sembonini, iDe Beers ebhekene nengcindezi ephansi emakethe yehlulekile ukusekela ngempumelelo intengo yedayimane.
Ngokwemiphumela yango-2023 ekhishwe nguDe Beers, imali engenayo yeqembu yehle ngo-34.84% isuka ku- $ 6.6 billion ngo-2022 yaya ku- $4.3 billion, kanti ukuthengiswa kwedayimane okunzima kwehle ngo-40% kusuka ku- $ 6 billion ngo-2022 kuya ku- $ 3.6 billion.
Ngokuqondene nezizathu zokutshuza kwakamuva kumanani edayimane, abangaphakathi embonini bakholelwa ukuthi umnotho ohamba kancane, ukushintsha kokuncanyelwayo kwabathengi kusuka kumadayimane kuya kubucwebe begolide, kanye nokuncipha kwenani lemishado kuye kwacindezela isidingo samadayimane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CEO ye-De Beers iphinde yaveza ukuthi isimo somnotho omkhulu sishintshile futhi abathengi bayashintsha kancane kancane ekusetshenzisweni kwempahla baye ekusetshenzisweni okusekelwe kusevisi, ngakho-ke isidingo sokusetshenziswa kohlobo lokunethezeka, njengamadayimane, sehle kakhulu.
Kwabuye kwahlaziywa ukuthi ukwehla kwentengo yamadayimane aluhlaza kanye nokwehla kwesidingo semakethe, ikakhulukazi ukuduma kwamadayimane alinywe ngokwenziwa kuye kwanciphisa isidingo sabathengi samadayimane emvelo. Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kwenze amadayimane enziwe umuntu akwazi ukusondela kwikhwalithi yamadayimane emvelo kodwa ngentengo ephansi, aheha abathengi abaningi, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni kobucwebe nsuku zonke, futhi abambe isabelo semakethe samadayimane emvelo.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, amasu okukhiqiza amadayimane alinyiwe aya ngokuya eba yinkimbinkimbi. Njengamanje, izindlela eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza amadayimane alinyiwe izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nendlela yokucindezela okuphezulu (HPHT) kanye ne-chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Zombili izindlela ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza ngempumelelo amadayimane ekhwalithi ephezulu elabhorethri, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuhlala kuthuthuka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga ledayimane elilinyiwe libuye lithuthuke, futhi lifaniswa namadayimane emvelo ngombala, ukucaca nokusika.
Njengamanje, inani lamadayimane alinywayo asetshenzisiwe selivele lilingana neledayimane lemvelo. Umbiko wakamuva we-Tenoris, isikhungo sokucwaninga ngemakethe saseMelika, uveze ukuthi ukuthengiswa kobucwebe obuqediwe e-US kukhuphuke ngo-9.9% ngo-Okthoba 2024, ...
lapho ubucwebe bedayimane bemvelo bukhuphuka kancane, bukhuphuke ngo-4.7%; kuyilapho amadayimane alinywayo afinyelela ku-46%.
Ngokusho kwenkundla yedatha yaseJalimane ye-Statista, ukuthengiswa kwamadayimane akhulisiwe kuzofinyelela cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-18 emakethe yobucwebe yomhlaba ngo-2024, okubalelwa ngaphezu kwama-20% emakethe yobucwebe iyonke.
Idatha yomphakathi ikhombisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwedayimane le-monocrystal yaseChina kubalelwa ku-95% wengqikithi yokukhiqiza emhlabeni, ikleliswe kuqala emhlabeni. Emkhakheni wamadayimane alinywayo, amandla okukhiqiza aseShayina afinyelela cishe ku-50% wengqikithi yokukhiqiza idayimane elinywayo emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwedatha ngokubonisana nenkampani iBain, ukuthengiswa kwedayimane okulinywa kanzima eChina ngo-2021 kuzoba ama-carats ayizigidi eziyi-1.4, nezinga lokungena kwemakethe yedayimane elilinyiwe lika-6.7%, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwedayimane okulinywa kanzima eChina kuzofinyelela ku-4 million carats ngo-2025, ngesilinganiso esilinywayo sedayimane engu-13%. Abahlaziyi baveze ukuthi ngenqubekela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqashelwa kwemakethe, imboni yedayimane elinywayo ingenisa isikhathi sokukhula ngokushesha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-09-2024