Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umdondoshiya wedayimane lamazwe ngamazwe uDe Beers ubesenkingeni enkulu, ekhungethwe yizici ezimbalwa ezingezinhle, futhi uye wanqwabelanisa inqwaba yedayimane enkulukazi kusukela ngenhlekelele yezimali ka-2008.
Mayelana nemvelo yemakethe, ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwesidingo semakethe emazweni amakhulu kuye kwafana nokushaywa kwesando; ukuvela kwamadayimane akhuliswe elabhorethri kuye kwaqinisa ukuncintisana; futhi umthelela wobhubhane olusha lomqhele ubangele ukwehla kwenani lemishado, kunciphisa kakhulu isidingo samadayimane emakethe yomshado. Ngaphansi kwalesi sihlava esiphindwe kathathu, umkhiqizi omkhulu wedayimane emhlabeni i-De Beers inani lenyuke lafinyelela cishe kuma-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili.
Isikhulu esiphezulu sakwaDe Beers u-Al Cook ngokungagunci: “Ukuthengiswa kwedayimane okungaphekiwe kulo nyaka akulona ithemba ngempela.”
Uma sibheka emuva, uDe Beers wake waba ngumdlali ovelele embonini yedayimane, elawula ukukhiqizwa kwedayimane emhlabeni ngama-80% ngeminyaka yawo-1980.
Ngeminyaka yawo-1980, uDe Beers wayelawula ukukhiqizwa kwedayimane emhlabeni ngamaphesenti angama-80, futhi nanamuhla usabala cishe ama-40% okunikezwa kwamadayimane emvelo emhlabeni, okuyenza ibe ngumdlali obalulekile embonini.
Lapho ebhekene nokwehla okulandelanayo kokuthengiswa, uDe Beers wakhipha zonke izitobhi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuye kwadingeka ukuthi iphendukele ekwehlisweni kwamanani ngomzamo wokuheha abathengi; ngakolunye uhlangothi, izamile ukulawula ukuhlinzekwa kwedayimane ngomzamo wokuzinzisa amanani ezimakethe. Le nkampani inciphise kakhulu ukukhiqizwa ezimayini zayo cishe ngo-20% uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga angonyaka odlule, futhi yayingenayo enye indlela ngaphandle kokwehlisa amanani endalini yayo yakamuva kule nyanga.
Emakethe yedayimane enzima, umthelela kaDe Beers awunakubukelwa phansi. Le nkampani ihlela imicimbi yokuthengisa enemininingwane eyi-10 unyaka ngamunye, futhi ngolwazi lwayo olujulile lwemboni nokulawulwa kwemakethe, abathengi ngokuvamile abanakukhetha ngaphandle kokwamukela amanani nenani elinikezwa uDe Beers. Ngokwemithombo, ngisho nokwehliswa kwamanani entengo, amanani enkampani asephezulu kunalawo akhona emakethe yesibili.
Ngalesi sikhathi lapho imakethe yedayimane isenkingeni ejulile, inkampani engumzali kaDe Beers i-Anglo American yaba nombono wokuyiphotha njengenkampani ezimele. Kulo nyaka, i-Anglo American yenqabe ibhilidi lika-$49 billion lokuthatha i-BHP Billiton futhi yazibophezela ngokudayisa i-De Beers. Kodwa-ke, isikhulu esiphezulu se-Anglo American, uDuncan Wanblad, oyisikhulu esiphezulu seqembu le-Anglo American, uxwayise ngobunzima bokuchithwa kwe-De Beers, ngokudayiswa noma ngokunikela komphakathi kokuqala (IPO), uma kubhekwa ubuthakathaka obukhona emakethe yedayimane.
Emzamweni wokuthengisa ngokuhlanganyela, uDe Beers wethule kabusha umkhankaso wokumaketha ngo-Okthoba ogxile “kumadayimane emvelo”.
Ngo-Okthoba, u-De Beers wethula umkhankaso wokumaketha ogxile “kumadayimane emvelo,” ngendlela yokudala nehlakaniphile efana neyemikhankaso yenkampani yokukhangisa enedumela elibi engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20.
U-Cook, obephethe i-De Beers kusukela ngo-February 2023, uthe inkampani izokwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo kwezokukhangisa nokudayisa ngokubambisana nokungahle kukhishwe kwe-De Beers, ngohlelo olunamandla lokukhulisa ngokushesha inethiwekhi yezitolo zomhlaba wonke kusukela ezitolo zamanje ezingu-40 kuye kweziyi-100.
U-Cook wamemezela ngokuzethemba: “Ukwethulwa kabusha kwalo mkhankaso wokumaketha wesigaba esikhulu ...... emehlweni ami kuwuphawu olukhulu lokuthi i-De Beers ezimele izobukeka kanjani. Ngokombono wami, manje isikhathi esikahle sokuphusha kanzima ekukhangiseni futhi sisekele ngokugcwele ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo nokwandiswa kwezitolo, ngisho noma sinciphisa ukuchitha imali emalini enkulu nasezimayini.”
U-Cook ugcizelela nokuthi "ukululama kancane kancane" kwesidingo samadayimane emhlabeni jikelele kulindeleke ukuthi kuqale unyaka ozayo. Uthe, "Sibone izimpawu zokuqala zokululama ezitolo zaseMelika ngo-Okthoba nangoNovemba." Lokhu kusekelwe kudatha yekhadi lesikweletu ebonisa ithrendi ekhuphukayo kubucwebe nasekuthengeni amawashi.
Umhlaziyi wemboni ezimele u-Paul Zimnisky, okwamanje, ubikezela ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwedayimane kwe-De Beers kusalindeleke ukuthi kwehle cishe ngama-20% kulo nyaka wamanje, kulandela ukwehla okubukhali kokuthengisa ngo-30% ngo-2023. Kodwa-ke, kuyakhuthaza ukubona ukuthi imakethe kulindeleke ukuthi ibuyele emuva ngo-2025.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-02-2025