Idizayini yobucwebe ihlale ihlobene eduze nesizinda somlando sobuntu kanye nobuciko benkathi ethile, kanye nezinguquko ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe namasiko nobuciko. Isibonelo, umlando wobuciko baseNtshonalanga unesikhundla esibalulekile eByzantine, Baroque, isitayela seRococo.
Isitayela se-Byzantine jewelry
Izici: izinto ezifakwe obala zegolide nezesiliva, amatshe ayigugu aphucuziwe, anombala oqinile wenkolo.
UMbuso WaseByzantium, owaziwa nangokuthi uMbuso WaseRoma WaseMpumalanga, wawaziwa ngohwebo lwawo olukhulu ngezinsimbi namatshe ayigugu. Kusukela ekhulwini lesine kuya kweleshumi nanhlanu, iByzantium yayinengcebo enkulu yombuso, futhi inethiwekhi yayo yohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe ekhula njalo yanikeza abacwebi baseByzantine ukufinyelela okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili egolideni namatshe ayigugu.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula ubucwebe boMbuso WaseRoma WaseMpumalanga nawo bufinyelele ukuphakama okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili. Isitayela sobuciko esithathwe eRoma. Ngasekupheleni koMbuso WaseRoma, izinhlobo ezintsha zobucwebe ezinemibala zaqala ukuvela, ukubaluleka kokuhlobisa amatshe ayigugu kwaqala ukudlula okwegolide, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiliva le-ebonite lalisetshenziswa kabanzi.
Igolide nesiliva skeletonization ingenye izici ezibalulekile ubucwebe baseByzantium. Enye yezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zokucutshungulwa kwegolide eByzantium yayibizwa ngokuthi i-opusinterrasile, okwakuwukwenza amathambo egolide ukuze kwakheke amaphethini athambile futhi anemininingwane enomphumela oqinile wokusiza, inqubo eyayidumile isikhathi eside kusukela ngekhulu lesithathu AD.
Ngekhulu le-10 AD, inqubo ye-burin enameling yasungulwa. Ubucwebe baseByzantium balethe ukusetshenziswa kwale nqubo, okubandakanya ukubhoboza iphethini ehlehlisiwe ngqo ethayini lensimbi, ukuthululela i-koqweqwe lwawo ukuze wenze isithombe sigqame ensimbi, futhi kuqedwe ukusetshenziswa kwezizinda ezinoqweqwe oluphelele, kuze kube seqophelweni eliphezulu.
Amagugu amakhulu anombala asethiwe. Umsebenzi wetshe eliyigugu laseByzantium ubufaka amatshe aphucuziwe, agobile kancane, anamatshe ayisicaba (ama-cabochon) asethwe ngegolide elingenalutho, anokukhanya okungena phakathi kwamatshe ayindingilizi agobile ukukhipha imibala yamatshe, kanye nokucaca okuphelele kwamatshe, ngesitayela esiyinkimbinkimbi nesiwubukhazikhazi.
Ngombala oqinile wenkolo. Ngenxa yokuthi isitayela sobuciko saseByzantium savela ebuKristwini, ngakho-ke isiphambano noma sibe nesilwane esingokomoya singaba yinto evamile ebucwebeni besitayela saseByzantine.
Isitayela se-baroque jewelry
Izimpawu: zibabazekayo, zidlangile, zinamandla futhi ziyachichima, kuyilapho zichichima ukuhlonipheka nokuhlonipha, ukunethezeka nobuhle.
Isitayela seBaroque, esaqala eFrance ngesikhathi sikaLouis XIV, sibukeka kahle futhi sinhle kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungenkathi yokuthuthuka kwesayensi yemvelo nokuhlolwa kwezwe elisha, ukukhuphuka kwesigaba esiphakathi saseYurophu, ukuqiniswa kobukhosi obumaphakathi, nomzabalazo wenhlangano yeNguquko. Idizayini emele kakhulu yobucwebe be-Baroque yi-Sévigné bowknot, ubucwebe bokuqala be-bowknot, owazalwa phakathi nekhulu le-17. Umlobi ongumFulentshi uMadame de Sévigé (1626-96) wenza lolu hlobo lobucwebe lwathandwa.
Umgexo osesithombeni ngenhla uyakhombisaukwenza enameling, inqubo evamile kubucwebe beBaroque. Ukudubula kwemibala ehlukene koqweqwe lwawo egolideni kwaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 njengendlela emisha yobuchwepheshe eyenziwe ngumcwecwe ogama lakhe linguJean Toutin (1578-1644).
Isitayela se-baroque yobucwebe ngokuvamile sinobuhle obuqinile be-agora, obungahlobene nokusetshenziswa okubanzi koqweqwe lwawo. Lokhu kwakulapho uqweqwe oluthambile lwaluhlala lutholakala kukho kokubili ngaphambili nangemuva kobucwebe.
Le nqubo enemibala ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ekuvezweni kwezimbali, futhi phakathi nekhulu le-17, kwakukhona imbali eyenza lonke elaseYurophu libilise futhi likhumbule. Imvelaphi yaseHolland, le mbali yayisambulo eFrance: i-tulip.
Ngekhulu le-17, i-i-tuliplaliwuphawu lomphakathi ophakeme, futhi lapho libiza kakhulu, isibani se-tulip sasingase sishintshiswe ngendlu yonke.
Le ntengo iphakeme impela, manje sinegama lokuchaza lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-bubble, iyibhamuza, izoqhuma ngokuqinisekile. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba ibhamuza linqanyuliwe, intengo yezigaxa ze-tulip yaqala ukuvela kugalikhi, eyaziwa ngokuthi “ibhamuza le-tulip”.
Kunoma yikuphi, ama-tulips abe inkanyezi yobucwebe be-baroque.
Ngokuphathelene nokumiswa, lesi kwakusekuyisikhathi lapho amadayimane ayebekwe ngegolide, futhi ungayithathi kancane insimbi esetshenziselwa ukusetha amadayimane, ngoba ngekhulu le-18 amadayimane asethiwe egolide ayelokhu encipha kancane kancane ebuhlotsheni besitayela seRococo.
Ubucwebe balesi sikhathi inombolo enkulu yetafulaukusika amadayimane, okungukuthi, itshe ledayimane le-octahedral elisikwe ithiphu, liyidayimane lakudala kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke ubucwebe obuningi be-baroque uma ubheka isithombe buzothola ukuthi idayimane libukeka limnyama, empeleni, hhayi umbala wedayimane ngokwalo, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi izici zimbalwa kakhulu, kusukela ngaphambili kwedayimane kuya ekukhanyeni angeke kube ngokuqukethwe kwezingxenye zokuphindaphinda okuningi kusukela ngaphambili kuboniswe emuva. Ngakho-ke umdwebo ungabona futhi amadayimane amaningi "amnyama", isizathu sifana.
Emisebenzini yobuciko besitayela sobucwebe, i-Baroque iveza izici ezilandelayo: okubabazekayo, okugqamile, ukugijima okuqinile, kuyilapho kuchichima ukunethezeka nokuhlonipheka okuhloniphekile, kancane ngemvelo yenkolo. Gxila ohlotsheni lwangaphandle lokusebenza, ugcizelela uhlobo loshintsho kanye nomoya wokunikezwayo.
Esikhathini sakamuva, isitayela somsebenzi sithambekele kakhulu ekugabiseni, inhlamba kanye nemibalabala, futhi saqala ukukushaya indiva okuqukethwe kokuvezwa okujulile nokusebenza okubucayi. Isitayela seBaroque sekwephuzile sembule isitayela seRococo kwezinye izici.
Isitayela se-rococo jewelry
Izici: ubufazi, i-asymmetry, ukuthamba, ukukhanya, ubumnandi, ubumnandi nobunkimbinkimbi, amajika amise okuka-“C”-“S”.
Izici: ubufazi, i-asymmetry, ukuthamba, ukukhanya, ubumnandi, ubumnandi nobunkimbinkimbi, amajika amise okuka-“C”-“S”.
"I-Rococo" (i-Rococo) kusukela egameni lesiFulentshi elithi rocaille, elisho imihlobiso yedwala noma yegobolondo, futhi kamuva leli gama libhekisela emihlobiso yegobolondo lamatshe kanye nezimbaza njengezici zayo zesitayela sobuciko. Uma isitayela seBaroque sifana nendoda, isitayela seRococo sifana nowesifazane.
INdlovukazi uMarie waseFrance wayengumlandeli omkhulu wobuciko be-Rococo nobucwebe.
Ngaphambi kweNkosi uLouis XV, isitayela se-baroque kwakuyindikimba eyinhloko yenkantolo, ijulile futhi i-classical, umkhathi unobukhosi, ukutshela amandla ezwe. Maphakathi nekhulu le-18, izimboni nezentengiselwano zaseFrance zathuthuka ngamandla futhi zaba izwe elithuthuke kakhulu eYurophu, ngaphandle kwaseNgilandi. Izimo zezenhlalakahle nezomnotho kanye nenqubekelaphambili yokuphila kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-rococo yabeka isisekelo, izikhulu nezikhulu zokunethezeka kuzo zonke izingxenye zaseFrance zakha isigodlo esihle, futhi umhlobiso wangaphakathi uphambene nokunethezeka kwe-baroque okumangalisayo, okubonisa izici zenkantolo yokunyuka kwabesifazane, okungukuthi, ukugxila ephepheni elibomvu kanye nomphumela wokuhlobisa, omuhle futhi omuhle. Isitayela se-Rococo empeleni siwukwakheka kwesitayela se-Baroque esiguqulwe ngamabomu ukuze sibe nomphumela ongenakugwemeka owedlulele.
INkosi Louis XV waphumelela esihlalweni sobukhosi, ngo-February 1745 ngolunye usuku wahlangana nokuthatheka yakhe iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili yothando lweqiniso - uNkz. Pompadour, kuba lokhu uNkk Pompadour wavula isitayela Rococo inkathi entsha.
Isitayela sobucwebe be-Rococo sibonakala: mncane, ukukhanya, ukuhlobisa okuhle futhi okubabazekayo, amajika amise okwe-C, amise okwe-S futhi amise okuskrola kanye nemibala egqamile yokwakheka kokuhlobisa.
I-Rococo Art Deco idweba isitayela esiningi sokuhlobisa saseShayina, isiFulentshi esivela kumajika aseShayina athambile kakhulu, i-porcelain yamaShayina namatafula nezihlalo namakhabethe ukuze uthole ugqozi.
Amaphethini ayengasabuswa izithixo, izimpawu zezenkolo nezamakhosi, kodwa yizici zemvelo ezingalingani njengamaqabunga, amagoda ezimbali kanye nemivini.
Ukwakhiwa kwesitayela se-Rococo empeleni isitayela se-Baroque esiguqulwe ngamabomu ukuze kube nomphumela ongenakugwemeka owedlulele. Ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana nesitayela sobucwebe be-rococo nabangane besitayela sobuciko, kunconywa ukubona ifilimu emele "I-Greatest Showman". Ifilimu yonke kusukela ebucwebeni kuya ekugqokeni kuya ekuhlobiseni kwangaphakathi kubonisa kakhulu izici kanye ne-charm yesitayela se-rococo.
Ubucwebe besitayela se-Rococo benziwa ngenani elikhulu lamadayimane esikiwe ama-rose, abonakala ngesisekelo esiyisicaba kanye nezici ezinxantathu.
Lesi sitayela esinezinhlangothi saqhubeka sisemfashinini kwaze kwaba ngawo-1820, lapho sathathelwa indawo indawo yokusikwa kwemayini endala, kodwa asizange sinyamalale ngokuphelele, futhi sajabulela nokuvuselelwa ngeminyaka yawo-1920s, eminyakeni engaphezu kweyi-100 kamuva.
Imboni yobucwebe yashayeka kakhulu lapho kugqashuka iNguquko YaseFrance ngo-1789. Khona-ke indoda encane yaseSicily yaba uMbusi waseFrance, okwakunguNapoleon. Ngokuhlanya wayelangazelela inkazimulo yangaphambili yoMbuso WaseRoma, futhi isitayela se-rococo sowesifazane sahoxa kancane kancane esiteji somlando.
Ngaphezulu kwesitayela sobucwebe esingaqondakali futhi esihle, banezitayela ezahlukene, kodwa futhi vumela umuntu azizwe eyodwa noma enye, ikakhulukazi i-Baroque ne-Rococo - inkantolo ye-Baroque, i-Rococo gorgeous. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, isitayela sabo sobuciko, sibe nomthelela omkhulu kubaklami kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-03-2024