Idizayini yobucwebecwebe ihlala ihlobene eduze nesikhathi esingokomlando nobuciko besikhathi esithile, kanye nezinguquko ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe namasiko nobuciko. Isibonelo, umlando we-Western Art uthatha isikhundla esibalulekile esifundeni seByzantine, iBaroque, eRococo.
Isitayela sobucwebecwebe saseByzantine
Izici: Ukuvulwa kwegolide kanye neziliva zesiliva, amatshe ayigugu abunjiwe, anombala oqinile wenkolo.
UMbuso WaseByzantine, owaziwa nangokuthi uMbuso WaseRoma osempumalanga, wayaziwa ngokuhweba kwawo okukhulu kwezinsimbi namatshe ayigugu. Kusukela engxenyeni yesine kuya emakhulwini eshumi nanhlanu, iByzantium yayinomcebo wobumbuso omkhulu, futhi inethiwekhi yayo yokuhweba yamazwe omhlaba eyandisa yanikeza ubucwebe beByzantine ubucwebe obungakaze bubonwe ngegolide namatshe ayigugu.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ubucwebe obusebenza ubucwebe boMbuso WaseRoma osempumalanga bafinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingakaze zibonwe. Isitayela sobuciko esitholakele eRoma. EMbusweni WaseRoma ongasekho, izinhlobo ezintsha zobucwebecwebe obunemibala baqala ukuvela, ukubaluleka komhlobiso wamatshe amatshe kwaqala ukwedlula lelogolide, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, kwakusetshenziswa isiliva e-evite.
IGolide neSilver Skelezation kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile zobucwebecwebe be-Byzantine. Enye yamasu adumile kakhulu wokucubungula amagolide eByzantium abizwa ngokuthi i-OpusnterinterRasile, okwakukhona ukufaka amathambo egolide ukuze adale amaphethini athambile futhi anemininingwane ngomphumela wokuthola usizo oluqinile, inqubo eyayithandwa isikhathi eside kusuka esidlweni sekhulu lesithathu.
Ngekhulu le-10 ad, kwakhiwa inqubo yokufaka i-burnin. Ubucwebe be-Byzantine bulethe ukusetshenziswa kwale ndlela, okubandakanya ukugibela iphethini ehleliwe ngqo ethayiini lensimbi, kuthululela i-koqweqwe lwawo ukwenza isithombe sivelele kwinsimbi, futhi siqede ukusetshenziswa kwezizinda ezinabantu abaningi, ku-zenith yayo.
Amagugu amakhulu anemibala asethelwe. Umsebenzi wamatshe we-Byzantine Gemstone oveziwe oboshwe, onobuqili obugobile, oboshwe ngamatshe acwebezelayo, (amaCabochons) angena ngegolide elithosiwe, angena ngo-stones agobekile ngamatshe amatshe, kanye ne-crystal ekhanyayo yamatshe, ngesitayela esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi esinempilo.
Ngombala wenkolo oqinile. Ngenxa yokuthi isitayela sobuciko be-Byzantine bavela ebuKristwini, ngakho-ke isiphambano noma sesilwane esingokomoya singase sibe yinto evamile ebucwebecwebe be-Byzantine isitayela.
Isitayela sobucwebecwebe be-baroque
Izici: Okumangalisayo, okusebenzayo, okuqinile futhi okuthuthukile, ngenkathi kuchichima ngobuntu nobudlova, ukunethezeka nokubande
Isitayela se-baroque, esaqala eFrance ngesikhathi sikaLouis XIV, sisezingeni eliphakeme. Ngaleso sikhathi, bekusesikhathini sokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi yemvelo kanye nokuhlolwa kwezwe elisha, ukukhuphuka kwekilasi eliphakathi nendawo, okuqiniswa yinkosi enkabeni, kanye nomzabalazo wenhlangano yenguquko. Umklamo omele kakhulu we-baroque jewelry yi-sévigné bowknot, ubucwebe bokuqala bowknot, owazalwa maphakathi nekhulu le-17. Umlobi waseFrance uMadame de Sévigné (1626-96) wenza lolu hlobo lobucwebecwebe athandwa.
Umgexo ofanekiselwa ngenhla uyakhombisaumenene, inqubo evamile ebucwebecwebe beBaroque. Ukudubula kwemibala ehlukene ye-koqweqwe lwawo egolide kwaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 njengokuqala kobuchwepheshe okwenziwe yiJean Toutin (1578-1644).
Isitayela se-baroque sobucwebecwebe sivame ukuba ne-agora aesthetic eqinile, engahlobene nokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-koqweqwe lwawo. Lokhu bekukhona lapho i-Dainyty Enamel ingahlala itholakala ngaphambili nangasemuva kobucwebecwebe.
Le ndlela enemibala efaneleka kakhulu ekubonisweni kwezimbali, nakulo lonke elase-17, kwaba nembali ekwenza ngokuphelele lonke i-Europe libilise igazi futhi likhumbule. Ngokwangempela kusuka eHolland, le mbali yayiyisambulo eFrance: I-Tulip.
Ngekhulu le-17,uhlobo lwembaliKwakuwuphawu lomphakathi ophakeme, futhi kwalo lubiza kakhulu, isibani se-tulip singashintshwa kuyo yonke i-villa.
Le ntengo ngokuqinisekile iguqulwe, manje sinesikhathi sokuchaza lesi simo, esibizwa nge-bubble, i-bubble, ngokuqinisekile izoqhuma. Kungekudala ngemuva kokuthi i-bubble yephulwe, intengo yama-tulip bulbs yaqala ku-garlic, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- "tulip bubble".
Kunoma ikuphi, ama-tulips asephenduke inkanyezi yobucwebecwebe bakwaBaroque.
Mayelana nesimo, lesi kwakuyisikhathi lapho amadayimane ebekwe ngegolide, futhi ungabukeli phansi insimbi esetshenziselwa ukubeka amadayimane, ngoba amadayimane egolide le-16 leminyaka aqala ukubonwa ubucwebe bezitayela zeRococo.
Ubucwebe balesi sikhathi inani elikhulu letafulaSika amadayimane, okungukuthi, i-Octahedral Diamond Stone eluhlaza inqume ithiphu, iyidayimane elivelele kakhulu ledayimane.
Ubucwebe obuningi be-baroque uma ubheka isithombe sizothola ukuthi idayimane libukeka limnyama, empeleni, hhayi umbala wedayimane uqobo, kodwa ngoba izici zimbalwa kakhulu, kusukela ngaphambili kwedayimane lingelona ngokuqukethwe kwezici eziningi ezivela phambili. Ngakho-ke umdwebo futhi ungabona amadayimane amaningi "amnyama", isizathu siyafana.
Esikhathini sobuciko besitayela sobucwebecwebe, i-baroque iveza izici ezilandelayo: Makhompisi, ukugijima okuqinile, ngenkathi kugcwele ukugcwala ngokunethezeka futhi kunesimo sobuntu, ngaphansi kwemvelo yenkolo. Gxila ngendlela yangaphandle yokusebenza, ukugcizelela indlela yokushintsha kanye nomoya wokuhumusha.
Ngesikhathi sekwephuzile, isitayela somsebenzi sithambekele ngokwengeziwe ekubuseni, okuhlambalazayo futhi okumibalabala, futhi saqala ukungakunaki okuqukethwe kokusebenza okujulile nokusebenza okubucayi. Isitayela se-baroque sekwedlule isikhathi sekwembulile isitayela seRocoCo kwezinye izici.
Isitayela sobucwebecwebe beRococo
Izici: Ubuntu besifazane, i-asymmetry, ukuthamba, ukukhanya, ubumnandi, ubuhle, ubuhle, ubumnandi nobunzima, "c" -Shaped, curves.
Izici: Ubuntu besifazane, i-asymmetry, ukuthamba, ukukhanya, ubumnandi, ubuhle, ubuhle, ubumnandi nobunzima, "c" -Shaped, curves.
I- "Rococo" (Rococo) esuka egameni lesiFulentshi iRocaille, okusho ukuthi amadwala noma imihlobiso yegobolondo, futhi kamuva igama elithi igama libhekisela edwaleni futhi libe yizimpawu zalo zesitayela sezobuciko. Uma isitayela se-baroque sifana nendoda, isitayela seRococo sifana nowesifazane.
INdlovukazi yase-Marie yaseFrance yayingumlandeli omkhulu weRococo Art nobucwebecwebe.
Ngaphambi kweKing Louis XV, isitayela se-baroque kwakuyingqikithi enkulu yenkantolo, kujulile futhi kujulile, umkhathi mkhulu, ukutshela amandla ezwe. Maphakathi nekhulu le-18, imboni yaseFrance kanye nezentengiso zaseFrance zakhula ngamandla futhi zaba izwe elithuthuke kakhulu eYurophu, ngaphandle kweNgilandi. Izimo zenhlalo nezomnotho kanye nenqubekela phambili yempilo yezinto ezibonakalayo, ngoba ukuthuthukiswa kweRocoko kwabeka isisekelo, okubonisa ukuthi izingxenye zeNkantolo zibuhlungu, okungukuthi, zigxile emhlobisweni wokuhlobisa obomvu, obuhle futhi obuhle. Isitayela seRococo empeleni yisona ukwakheka kwesitayela sakwaBaroque ngokuguqulwa ngamabomu kumphumela ongenakugwemeka.
INkosi uLouis XV iphumelele esihlalweni sobukhosi, ngoFebhuwari 1745 ngolunye usuku yahlangana nokuphanga kwakhe iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili yothando lweqiniso - uNkk Pompadour, nguNkk Pompadour uvule isitayela seRocoCo senkathi entsha.
Isitayela sobucwebecwebe seRococo sibonakaliswa ngu: Swender, esikhanyayo, esihle futhi esihle futhi sakhiwe ngama-C-adroll curves kanye nemibala ekhanyayo nemibala egqamile.
I-Rococo Art Deco idonsela isitayela esiningi sokuhlobisa isiShayina, isiFulentshi esivela kuma-curve aseChina, amatafula aseChina nezihlalo namakhabethe ukuthola ugqozi.
Amaphethini awasabuswa yizithombe, izimpawu zezenkolo nezesabelo, kepha ngezinto zemvelo ze-asymmetrical ezinjengeqabunga, ama-wreath kanye nemivini.
Ukwakheka kwesitayela seRococo empeleni kuyinto isitayela sakwaBaroque eguqulwe ngamabomu kumphumela ongenakugwemeka. Ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngesitayela sobucwebecwebe seRococo kanye nabangane bezitayela zobuciko, okunconyelwe ukubona ifilimu elimele "umboniso omkhulu kunabo bonke". Ifilimu lonke elivela ebucwebecwebe ukuze ligqoke umhlobiso wangaphakathi libonisa kakhulu izici kanye ne-charm yesitayela se-rococo.
Ubucwebe besitayela seRococo senziwa ngenombolo enkulu yamadayimane asika ama-rose, abonakala ngesisekelo esicaba kanye nezici ezingunxantathu.
Lesi sitayela esinezici sasala siseduze kwaze kwaba ngu-1820s, lapho sathathelwa indawo yimayini endala ukusika, kepha sasingaze sanyamalala ngokuphelele, futhi saze sathokozela imvuselelo ngawo-1920s, eminyakeni engaphezu kwe-100 kamuva.
Umkhakha wobucwebecwebe washaywa kanzima ngokuqubuka kwe-French Revolution ngo-1789. Lapho-ke indoda encane evela eShicily yaba ngumbusi waseFrance, futhi lokho kwakunguNapoleon. Wamlangazelela ngenkazimulo yangaphambili yoMbuso WaseRoma, futhi isitayela seRococo sabesifazane sasuka esigabeni somlando.
Ngaphezulu kwesitayela sobucwebe obuyimfihlakalo futhi esihle, banezitayela ezihlukile, kepha futhi bavumela umuntu ukuthi azwele noma omunye, ikakhulukazi i-baroque ne-rococo - inkantolo yaseBaroque, iRococo Gorcoos enhle. Kepha kunoma yikuphi, isitayela sabo sobuciko, sibe nomthelela omkhulu kubaqambi kusukela lapho.
Isikhathi sePosi: Dec-03-2024